Washington State University Online MBA Program Essay Example

Washington State University Online MBA Program Essay Example Washington State University Online MBA Program Essay Washington State University Online MBA Program Essay Washington State University online MBA program is one of those programs which can be found in the latest online MBA rankings 2013. As you already know, those who are making the rankings are using several methods for discovering the best online MBA programs in the world. Washington State University, with its AACSB accreditation and 2-year program, represents one of the most respected online courses in the world. It requires GMAT scores and you don’t have to visit the campus for getting your MBA degree. Washington State University has been created in 1890 and the first focus was engineering and agriculture. Over the years, this school has been evaluating along with the time and invented many new programs that will bring new ways into the global economy. This university has been classified among 100 US institutions which have the highest research activity. The first MBA program has been offered in 1957 and this school has more than 20 years of online degree experience. Washington State University online MBA program has a clear goal: providing professionals with all fundamental skills about business in order to provide actionable and immediate information that can return their investment. An average student who is eligible to enroll to this online MBA program has 4 years of experience in his business field. This university has been accredited by the official association for accrediting business schools AACSB. This is like a â€Å"gold medal† which is given to the top business schools in the whole world. Washington State University online MBA program is also regionally accredited by the Commission of Colleges of NASC. Washington State University online MBA program core is enrolled over three pillars which are important for this business school. These are: Positive Societal Impact Management Innovation Globally Competitive Leadership All students who will sign up for getting this program are encouraged to think as an individual, negotiate and confront with all business challenges into the real world, and explore that theoretical knowledge they have. Washington State University online MBA program give strict directions to the students in order to become agents who are bringing the positive changes into their future or current entrepreneurial role. While this program. Students will confront with a curriculum that has been split in: 3 strategic leadership courses 2 management innovation 4 functional business tools. As additional courses, online MBA students can chose 3 courses in whatever area they like in order to meet their interests. All students have 7-week courses balancing 20 hours workload per week. This allows them to finish other life or work commitments. Washington State University online MBA program assigns an academic advisor to every student, offers 24/7 support, registration assistance and consultation for financial aid. The library of the school has its own digital database which can be accessed   any time you want. This library is opened just to give you additional help and support for your academic work. The learning system of this school represents a variant of the highly popular Blackboard software.

Creating Effective Matching Questions for Assessments

Creating Effective Matching Questions for Assessments As teachers create their own tests and quizzes, they typically want to include a variety of objective questions. The four major types of objective questions include multiple choice, true-false, fill-in-the-blank, and matching. Matching questions are made up of two lists of related items that students must pair up by deciding which item in the first list corresponds to an item in the second list. They are appealing to many teachers because they provide a compact way to test a great deal of information in a short amount of time. However, creating effective matching questions requires some time and effort. Advantages of Using Matching Questions Matching questions have a number of advantages. As already stated, they are great at allowing teachers the ability to ask a number of questions in a short amount of time. In addition, these types of questions are quite useful for students with a low reading ability. According to Benson and Crocker (1979) in Educational and Psychological Measurement, students with low reading ability scored better and more consistently with matching questions than the other types of objective questions. They were found to be more reliable and valid. Thus, if a teacher has a number of students who have lower reading scores, they might want to consider including more matching questions on their assessments. Hints for Creating Effective Matching Questions The directions for a matching question need to be specific. Students should be told what they are matching, even if it seems obvious. They should also be told how they are to record their answer. Further, the directions need to clearly state whether an item will be used once or more than once. Here is an example of well-written matching directions:Directions: Write the letter of the American president on the line next to his description. Each president will be used only once.Matching questions are made up of premises (left column) and responses (right column). More responses should be included than premises. For example, if you have four premises, you might want to include six responses.The responses should be the shorter items. They should be organized in an objective and logical manner. For example, they might be organized alphabetically, numerically, or chronologically.Both the list of premises and the list of responses should be short and homogenous. In other words, do not put to o many items on each matching question. All responses should be logical distractors for the premises. In other words, if you are testing authors with their works, do not throw in a term with its definition.Premises should be approximately equal in length.Make sure that all of your premises and responses are on the same test printed page. Limitations of Matching Questions Even though there are a number of advantages to using matching questions, there are also a number of limitations that teachers must consider before including them in their assessments. Matching questions can only measure factual material. Teachers cannot use these to have students apply the knowledge they have learned or analyze information.They can only be used to assess homogenous knowledge. For example, a question based on matching elements with their atomic numbers would be acceptable. However, if a teacher wanted to include an atomic number question, a chemistry definition, a question about molecules, and one about states of matter, then a matching question would not work at all.They are most easily applied at an elementary level. Matching questions work quite well when the information being tested is basic. However, as a course increases in complexity, it is often difficult to create effective matching questions.

Ethnicity and Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethnicity and Nationalism - Essay Example The definition of a nation is distinct from that of a country because it assumes that there is a cultural and historical bond between the people inhabiting a delineated territory. Not only must the citizens of a nation be bound together in terms of government and territory, but they must be united as one because of their cultural links. Nigeria can clearly be defined as a country, however the fragmentation of its culture, especially in recent history, calls its status as a nation into question. The Federal Republic of Nigeria is located in Western Africa, bordering Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger. Its capital city is called Abuja; although its historic capital is Benin City, once called Edo during the years of the Kingdom of Benin. The country is located on the Atlantic Ocean and has benefited from this placement in terms of international trade; currently Nigeria boasts the highest population in all of Africa at more than 140 million people, and it has been hailed by economists as being one of the fastest growing economies in the world (Foreign and Commonwealth Office 2007). In the near future it stands to reason that Nigeria will stand out from other African countries as one of the most successful in terms of trade and finance. Niger Nigeria is comprised of 36 individual states, plus the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) which houses Abuja. See Figure 1 for a map and names of all Nigerian states. The FCT was created from former Niger, Nasarawa and Koji territories, and is located in the centre of the country (Falola 1999, pp.1-5). The environment is varied and encompasses savannah, rainforest and deserts; the country is home to what is believed to be the largest and most diverse selection of butterflies in the world, and the native Drill Monkey is only found wild in Nigeria and Cameroon. The Delta region of the country is used for oil drilling, an industry that is of particular importance to the Nigerian economy. The official language of Nigeria is English, however traditional languages like Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo are publicly recognised and regularly used by many citizens. History Nigeria is located in an ancient part of the world as far as human history is concerned, and archaeological evidence suggests that the area has been inhabited by people since at least 9000 BC. From its early cultural beginnings, the area that now encompasses Nigeria developed one of the most influential and powerful empires in Africa and the world: the Kingdom of Benin. From the 15th to the 19th century, the land which is now the Federal Republic of Nigeria as well as surrounding countries was all incorporated into the Kingdom of Benin, a vast kingdom that held influence over a large part of the African continent and whose cultural traditions still echo in that part of the world today. It was under the rule of the Kingdom of Benin that the modern Nigerian state evolved into one of the most economically viable African countries during the 16th and 17th centuries; this was due largely to the European slave trade and the fact that the Kingdom of Benin was both forceful and powerful in its dealings with neighbouring nations. As European countries

Mars Reconnaissance Orbits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mars Reconnaissance Orbits - Essay Example Modeling of the MRO came after NASAs successful Mars Global Surveyor that was designed to conduct Mars surveillance from orbit. In its earlier specifications, the satellite design included a large camera for taking high resolution fascinating images of the Mars. This made Jim Garvin, a Mars exploration program scientist with NASA to predict that MRO would be like an orbit microscope. A visible-near-infrared spectrograph was also to be incorporated in the spacecraft. Five months later, after aero braking, the MRO entered began its major science phase after entering its final science orbit. In this way, it joined five other existing spacecrafts in the vicinity of Mars that were either on the planet surface or in orbit. These other active spacecrafts were: two Mars Exploration Rovers, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey and Mars Express. MRO is equipped with a set of NASA’s most powerful scientific instruments used in the analysis of minerals, stratigraphy, ice of Mars and landforms. They include instruments such as radar, cameras and spectrometers. They are significantly used in monitoring of daily surface and atmospheric conditions of the Red Planet, and hosting of new MRO telecommunication systems for further future missions. It is probably remembered for discovery of ice and other startling discoveries on Mars such as dust devils going across the Mars surface and changing of sand dunes in real time as watched by its powerful cameras. The MRO has also helped to establish the cause for the damage of Phoenix spacecraft that went out of touch with the earth and it has generally helped in other spacecrafts to stay in touch with the Earth. The prime scientific mission of the MRO ended in December 2010, even though NASA still believes that the spacecraft can still do well until 2015. Many new things have been learned about the Red Planet courtesy of the spacecraft.

Language education Essay Example for Free

Language education Essay It is not a secret that teaching has a great role in our life. In our constantly changing world we have to get knowledge from everything: from people and things surrounding us, from different technologies, from our experience. But nothing of these can take the place of a teacher, who plays a great role in life of every person. During rather long period of time a teacher was an integral part of children’s life. He does not only impart the knowledge of the world, prepares children for everyday life but also influences their souls, teaches them to be honest, to be patient, to help each other, to  respect each other. But who is a teacher? We usually think that a teacher especially if we speak of a female is a nervous persistent creature. And if we speak of a male, we are sure he is odd, absent- minded and very often not strongly built and healthy. But in the broadest sense, a teacher can be defined as someone who not only teaches or imparts knowledge, but also someone responsible for shaping the minds and hearts of all those whom they teach. Foreign language teachers have a lot of common qualities with the teachers of other subjects. Moreover such â€Å"ideal† teacher would posses personal qualities, technical abilities and professional understanding. One must admit that the future of any student depends on the qualities and dedication of a teacher of foreign language or any other subject. That is why it is necessary to be a good teacher who will create an interest in students to achieve the aims they set for themselves. But what qualities, features do make a teacher a good teacher? Speaking about it first of all we should touch teacher’s personal and professional qualities. The most important feature for both foreign language teacher and teacher of other subjects is to enjoy his profession and love children. If a teacher loves his profession and his students he is ready to devote themselves to such a hard work as being a teacher. A teacher who is full of love for his work is motivated, energized, and creative; he comes to place of work in high spirits, he is open and can share his positive emotions with the students. The next most important concern is teacher’s eternal patience. A foreign language teacher must be patient. He must never be annoyed with students because they dont understand something. Not all children learn at the same pace and inevitably some will require special attention. However, giving up on these children is a mistake as they can usually succeed with encouragement and hard work. It is a well-known fact that a good teacher must possess leadership qualities. He must have great confidence and strong will power to obtain the best results from his students. A good sense of humour is another great tool that helps a teacher to simplify his task. I  think that a good sense of humor can create a pleasant atmosphere where everyone knows they can ask questions, make mistakes or try out new ideas. One more qualities of a good teacher which is necessary to mention is respect. It is very important to respect the students, their opinions, ideas, style of living, and attitude towards something. Having that respect for others gets you the respect back from others. Endurance, tolerance, optimism, enthusiasm, objectiveness, amiable disposition are also in the first ranks of qualities of a good teacher. I think that all these characteristics are some kind of challenge for a person because it is not so easy to combine all of them. But as the future teachers we must make every effort in order to develop them because we are the future examples for younger generation. Besides, a good foreign language teacher should possess certain professional knowledge. First of all he must know psychology of his children. It will help a teacher to have a certain way with the students, to involve them, to make the lessons more interesting and effective. Without any doubt a good foreign language teacher must be knowledgeable in his subject, because he is an example for the pupils. He must know all the peculiarities of the language, its grammar, lexical structure perfectly well. The pronunciation of a good foreign language teacher must also be on a high level. In other words he must be a professional, a master of his skills. Besides, a good teacher also must have the ability to analyze his work in order to see his mistakes, to find more effective and productive way of teaching. But on the other hand, their social position of officially respected but badly paid specialists doesn’t allow them to occupy the desirable step on the social ladder. Unfortunately very often teachers don’t have an easy access to necessary scientific literature to improve their professional skills. One more negative aspect of this profession is that they almost have no weekends, as their Monday is more likely to begin on Sunday, because some important preparations should be done. And young teachers are often not ready for the emotional impact and the amount of work  coming down on the teacher. To draw the conclusion, one can say that future teachers must remember that being a teacher is a great responsibility, because teachers are charged with children’s young souls. They must improve themselves in order to become good teachers, to acquire the qualities which will help to open children’s hearts, to become friends for them, to become examples for them to follow, to stay in their minds and hearts forever. One cannot deny that the experience the teachers get at school make a great influence on their attitudes to life and people.

Peace Negotiations Between Arafat and Clinton :: Foreign Relations Media Coverage Essays

Peace Negotiations Between Arafat and Clinton Many third world and communist countries are known for their censorship in the media, ranging from television, radio, and the newspapers. Even with these shortcomings they still are able to present a side of an issue. The capitalistic world can dominate the networks of the media as well and also provide certain amounts of censorship with only one side of a view. The way the capitalistic world is able to dominate the media is by advertisement. Commercials and advertisements drive and pay for the expenses of the news reporting agency or any other media. A company will not sponsor a television network or a newspaper if their stories and ideas do not reflect that of the sponsor. For example if a company is owned and operated mostly by Jews, that company may not appreciate a newspaper or a television station to report against them or point out that many mistakes, such as accidental bombings and killings of innocent by standers not only Philistines but Israelis as well, were caused by Jews. If that newspaper or television station reports against Jews or the supporters of Israel they will not be endorsed or sponsored by that Jewish company, and if that newspaper or television station does not receive any support they cannot publish anymore papers or broadcast their newscasts. In both cases important sides of an issue are either addressed or not. The western coverage of the peace negotiations between Arafat and President Clinton by the news media distorts and deletes facts only to ensure that Israel, the United States ally, will benefit. My latest readings of the Seattle Times and one of Tehran’s newspaper dealt with Mr. Arafat’s visit to the United States to speak with President Clinton in the White House about the Mid-East peace process. Both papers presented facts and expanded as well on some of those facts. When reading the Seattle Times, the article’s title read, â€Å"Peace deal with Arafat†, the title its self it’s letting us know that we have to deal with Mr. Arafat, that he must be a hard negotiator. The article discussed how Mr. Arafat did not accept or totally agree with President Clintons peace plan. The Times made it clear that President Clinton’s plan was detailed and accepted by both the United States and the Israelis.

Merits and Demerits of Police Identification

?Discuss any four types of police identification parade emphasizing on their respective merits and short comings. Police identification parade can be referred to as a situation whereby suspects believed to have committed a crime are presented or lined-up for witnesses to identify if indeed the one or group of persons who committed the crime is amongst the line-up. This method is used inorder to help the police confirm if indeed suspect did commit the crime. There are several ways in which police identification parades can be conducted.Depending on the type of situation and resources available for use; be it human or technological will most preferably assist the police on what methods to put in (type of identification parade). When police forces are carrying out their functions, they also have a duty to have regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation and to take steps to foster good relations. The main focus of my study is to address only fou r of these identification parades and analyze into detail their main objectives and discuss their merits and where they fall short.Some of the identification parades we know of may weigh in different levels with regards to effectiveness. Others are judged to be more effective whiles some others are least effective. In this code, identification by an eye-witness arises when a witness who has seen the offender committing the crime and is given an opportunity to identify a person suspected of involvement in the offence in a video identification or similar procedure. From a legal point of view the question that an identification parade attempts to answer is whether the suspect is in fact the culprit.First of all, I would like to discuss about the ‘video identification’. With this method, suspects are kept in a confined area or room under a surveillance camera. A ‘video identification’ is when the witness is shown moving images of a known suspect, together with similar images of others who resemble the suspect. Sometimes in absence of the videos photographs of assumed suspects are shown to the witness to help identify the culprit. Even though it is sometimes useful, it is not the best since it shows still-life images which shows only one sided angle on the view of things and thereby makes it difficult for identification.The video is more advantageous in suspect identification because since there are moving images and gives different angles on the view of things. Examples are; the different kinds of expressions and mood swings exhibited by, the witness can easily identify the suspect if indeed he o she is part. These eye-witness identification procedures are designed to test an eye witness’ ability to identify suspects and to provide safeguards against mistaken identity. Secondly, the identification parade that will be considered here is the ‘line-up’.With this procedure, suspects are arranged or lined up for witnesses t o view and see which of them are or is the culprit. Here, the police officer in charge instructs the suspects to turn to whichever direction the witness asks. The witness is therefore asked to point out to the real culprit(s) who indeed committed the crime. Since this is an open parade, things could get complicated and physical in the sense that, if the witness pin points the suspect, and tempers are not calm, the suspect might step forward and harass the witness physically.In some cases, witnesses might be forced to give false data when they stare directly into faces of the suspects. Some suspects make facial expressions which are very threatening to witnesses and therefore conclude that the witness is not part of the parade for fear for their life. In other cases too, the witness might point to the wrong person who also has an appearance like that of a criminal (shabbily dressed, muscular, bony face, black lips) . Also depending on the type of question the witness is asked, he or she might give false information.Example: if the police asks; â€Å"which of them attacked you or committed the offence? † the witness is implied to just chose a suspect even if, the real culprit is not among the parade. Such questions are imperatives which do not really ask a direct question but instead expects you to comply or conform. Apart from this method shortcoming, there is no doubt that it’s sometimes reliable. Thirdly, identifications can be carried out by using a one-way mirror which is a better procedure as compared to that of the open line-ups.With this method, suspects are lined up in a room which is much secured with glass windows from which the witness can have a clear view of all the suspects present. The windows here are made of glass which are tinted, so suspects do not see whatever that goes on outside but the witness who is outside the room sees all that goes on inside. Identification of culprit(s) becomes difficult for the witness if suspects are dressed in almost the same way and there is the chance that, there exist some similarities between any of the suspects, especially when the culprit is involved.Also not all eye witness’ have very good memeory when it comes to facial recognition. Furthermore, there is the sort of identification which has to do with verbal recognition. Here, different set of audio recordings of different suspects are selected and then played for the witness to identify the culprit. This method is only used in critical situations where the witness did not see the suspect but heard the person speak. This could be difficult for the witness to identify especially when the tapes been played are similar.Sometimes too, the suspect is kept in a confined room with a recording device and is asked by the police to mention specific words suggested by the witness. These words are sometimes the ones the witness heard the suspect say at the time of the incident. In conclusion to the above procedures, the poli ce force can put in severe measures that could enhance or yield positive and effective results to make their work much easier and simpler. There are also instances whereby two or more procedures of identification are incorporated into one to help solve cases which are very delicate and special.

Justice in Silas Marner

Justice in Silas Marner ‘At the end of Silas Marner, there is a feeling that justice has been done: that the bad have been punished and the good rewarded. ’ To what extent is this statement true? For centuries, the definition of justice has been disputed over by wise men of all countries. Through the works of Plato, the views of Socrates are recorded for all to read and reflect upon. He believed that justice was good, and the good could only be attained through self-knowledge.In the Republic, Socrates defines justice as ‘working at that which he is naturally best suited,’ and ‘to do one’s own business and not to be a busybody’. George Eliot induces her personal opinions in and further elucidates her nineteenth century readers on the very real and prevalent issue of justice by intertwining several cases between characters in her novel Silas Marner, cleverly using terms that can be interpreted in various ways and presenting as clearly progr essing throughout.Justice is shown to have prevailed at the end of Silas Marner by contrasting it with injustice in the beginning, as the reader becomes familiarized with Silas’s situation and standing with justice. After leaving the vestry, Silas murmurs, ‘. . . there is no just God that governs the earth righteously, but a God of lies, that bears witness against the innocent. ’ This critical attitude towards his environment and world devoid of God not only sets the stage for the story but also provides contrast and room for development with the theme of justice so that the rectification in the end of the novel is represented as profound and significant.Silas has been hurt severely by the shortcomings of his friend, his fiancee and the religious systems and practices in which he had been indoctrinated with for many years like the drawing of lots and prayer independent of any actions (like defending himself verbally and not just leaving it to God to clear him). T his injustice upon Silas Marner is exacerbated by the figurative justice done to one who was undeserving – a manipulative Dunstan Cass.Although not to be taken literally, by Dunstan Cass’s utterance ‘you do me justice, I see’, in response to Godfrey’s accurate description of him, it serves as a taunting echo to highlight the unfairness in the beginning of the novel. This was soon to be stopped by the protagonist himself – Silas Marner. George Eliot portrays Silas Marner as seeking to restore fairness after experiencing another injustice as if it was the last straw when he says, ‘I’ve been robbed!I want the constable—and the Justice—and Squire Cass—and Mr. Crackenthorp. ’ Although ‘Justice’ is in reference to Justice Malam, it is clear that Eliot wanted her readers to construe it as also justice in the non-titular sense; the proper name ‘Malam’ was only introduced later in the chapter. In this sense of the word, Silas ‘want[ed] . . . the Justice’ as if it was a definite and universal object with the use of the definite article and the capitalization of ‘justice’.This shows the progression from injustice to justice. While external justice was developing, Silas needed to take an introspective approach and check if he was disadvantaging himself by brooding over offenses against him; like prayer, justice didn’t come solely from external forces but needed action on the part of the aspirer. The reader is made to reflect upon this when the narrator remarks that ‘such things had been known as a man’s doing himself a mischief, and then setting the justice to look for the doer. Thence on, Silas interacted with Dolly Winthrop more often and with a faint sense of gregariousness. Silas fully remedied this self-impediment and self-injustice when Eppie came. The readers’ attention is once again diverted to the develop ment of external justice in a similar manner as to that with Dunstan Cass, but with a different outcome. The other undeserving Cass brother, Godfrey hopes for justification but, justly, doesn’t receive it. He fled to his usual refuge, that of hoping for some unforeseen turn of fortune, some favorable chance which would save him from unpleasant consequences—perhaps even justify his insincerity by manifesting its prudence. ’ After prevaricating proper responses to his father’s interrogation, he sought to justify his insincerity. As we know, Godfrey is later found out when Dunstan’s body is recovered from the Stone-pits, nullifying his efforts and hopes in successfully avoiding the truth.The Socratic dialogues, again, have some insight to this matter. In Gorgias, Socrates suggests that on the scale of evil – which goes hand in hand with the scale of misery, second is the man who does wrong, but first is the man who does wrong and gets away with it. Godfrey is this ‘first’ who is more miserable, which shows that he has been justly served; for several years, he had to endure being this ‘first’ man, hiding his guilt before having the courage to be the ‘second’, less miserable man.Godfrey again pushes for his perceived justice (personal interest) when he tries to coax Silas into giving him Eppie ‘You may look at it in that way, Marner, but I never can; and I hope you’ll let me act according to my own feeling of what’s just. ’ Again, justice prevails and Godfrey is unsuccessful. Justification and religion are somewhat reconciled when the narrator reflects upon Nancy’s character and Sunday thoughts by recognizing that ‘the spirit of rectitude’ came with the ‘sacred documents of the past’.This opens the way for the justice to come upon her, first with ‘Godfrey . . . [doing] Nancy no injustice as to the motives of her obstinac y’ and the deserved revelation that Godfrey was Eppie’s biological father. A series of events drives justice to triumph by the end of Silas Marner. Effectively, George Eliot starts the narrative from the complete opposite – injustice – so that there is room for justice to develop. She recognizes the complexity of achieving justice when she writes about Molly’s struggle. Just and self-reproving thoughts do not come to us too thickly, even in the purest air, and with the best lessons of heaven and earth’. This adds to the gravity of the accomplishment of justice in the end of the novel. Furthermore, George Eliot does not restrain this achievement and discourages us, as readers, in doing so. She provides this wise insight: ‘When we are treated well, we naturally begin to think that we are not altogether unmeritorious, and that it is only just we should treat ourselves well, and not mar our own fortune. ’ By Chino Jose San Diego Gar cia

Merloni Case Essays

Merloni Case Essays Merloni Case Essay Merloni Case Essay Elettrodomestici SpA is an Italian company based in Fabriano and is one of Europe’s biggest makers of home appliances. In February 2005, Merloni Elettrodomestici was renamed Indesit Company, Indesit being the best known of the Group’s brands outside Italy. The Company was also operating under its historic brand, Ariston, and the regional brands Hotpoint, Scholtes and Stinol. During the perio from 1984 to 1986, Merloni undertook a number of initiatives to improve efficiency in inventory control and logistics.One such initiative was the transit point experiment where in the Milano region, regional distribution centre was eliminated in favour of tranit points which held zero inventory. The following is an analysis of the Transit Point Experiment conducted by Merloni: Cost saving in terms of infrastructure cost of regional warehouses and their maintenance. The company would require lesser amounts of overall inventory to be maintained. As regional warehouses would be closed there would be lesser labor requirements. Transit Point methodology works similar to JIT where-in the required amount of goods are shipped at the required time.Since it works more on the Pull from the customer and due to elimination of regional warehouses, the effect of bullwhip should be lower. Because the regional warehouses will be eliminated, the capacity storage of the central warehouses should be expanded to meet the requirements of the extra Cycle inventory. This would come as an additional cost to the company. Intensive planning of daily shipment should be done. It is not only required to calculate the exact amount of goods to be shipped but also the arrangement of the goods (to eliminate time in loading/unloading activities).Because of this intensive planning more skilled administration staff would be required. If the customer does not order wihin 3pm, the delivery of the product would happen only after the second day. This can lower customer satisfaction. Since no inventory is maintained in near-by locations (as all goods come from central warehouse) if there is any excess demand or out of stock condition (for retailers), the goods will have to be fetched from central warehouse which would take a lot of time. This can lead to loss of goodwill with retailers especially those serving the rural markets.Demand variability is not easily supported by employing Transit Point methodology. If there is an urgent demand for goods in excess of truckload capacity then it can lead to huge additional cost. Another important point which is not mentioned in the case is the importance of the transportation medium. If any of the vehicles breaks-down it could lead to huge delays and pile up of demand. Merloni needs to keep some extra vehicle for a backup. It also needs to maintain the vehicles in good condition. The cost of this has not been accounted for.Since the experiment was carried out only in Milano a relatively smaller numbers of trucks (1 Trailer truck and 3 Small trucks) were required. If the Transit Point methodology is applied through-out Italy, Merloni will need to build up infrastructure and teams to coordinate the the movement of trucks and their transactions. In Merloni, it is the responsibility of the warehouse manager to manage and develop the customer relationship. If the warehouses are eliminated Merloni would still need additional office space for the warehouse managers who also act as Customer Relationship Managers.Another important question is where would Merloni keep the spare parts required for its service personnel. If these too are kept at the central warehouse it could lead to delay thus have a negative impact on the quality of service. The Merloni experiment was conducted when the weather was good. If the weather is bad near the central warehouse but alright in other areas where there is demand, then it can lead to delays. The cost of such delays would be large as Merloni would have to use extra vehicles to ensure the earliest delivery of all the goods once the weather becomes good. Quantitative Analysis:Now we shall look at a quantitative analysis of cost incurred by the company before and after using Transit Point methodology. The case is for region of Roma (information as per exhibit 10). (Ax) would represent cost incurred by using Pre-Transit Point methodology and (Bx) would denote cost incurred by using Transit Point methodology. Calculate the Average Volume/Month at the Regional Distribution Centre (RDC) in Roma. Assuming 20 working days in a month. Average daily demand served from regional warehouse = 154. 8 pieces Average Volume/Month = Average daily demand x No of working days = 154. 8 x 20 = 3096 pieces.Operating Cost at RDC From exhibit 10 of the case it can be seen that the operating cost at Roma is 3605 Lire/Piece/Month Average inventory levels at RDC = 1200 pieces (from Exhibit 8a) Total Operating Cost/Month at Roma RDC = Operating Cost/Piece/Month x Avg Inventory = 3605 x 1200 = 4326000 Lire Therefore, Operating Cost per piece sold = Total operating cost / No of pieces sold = 4326000 / 3096 = 1397. 28 Lire (A1) As per the case, by using Transit Point methodology the Operating Cost has reduced to 20%. Therefore, New Operating Cost per piece sold = 20 % of original Total Operating Cost = 0. 20 x 1397. 28 = 279. 5 Lire -(B1) Inventory Cost at RDC From exhibit 10 of the case it can be seen that the inventory cost at Roma is 1035 Lire/Piece/Month. Total Inventory Cost / Month = Invetory Cost/Piece/Month x Avg Inventory = 1035 x 1200 = 1242000 Lire Inventory cost per piece sold = Total inventory cost / No of pieces sold = 1242000 / 3096 = 401. 16 Lire. (A2) Using the Transit Point methodology, zero inventory is maintained. Therefore, Inventory cost per piece sold = 0 Lire (B2) Short Haul Transportation Cost The short haul transportation cost is the cost of transporting goods from regional warehouse or transit point to retailers.This cost would be common for both pre and during Transit Point methodoly usage period Short Haul Transportation cost = 4300 Lire/Piece (A3),(B3) Long Haul Transportation Cost is the cost of transporting goods from the central warehouse to the regional wareho use or transit point. During the pre Transit Point period goods were transported from the central warehouse to the regional warehouses using trailer trucks. Total number of pieces to be shipped per month = 3096 pieces Capacity of one trailer truck = 120 pieces Therefore, Number of trailer trucks required = Total quantity / Capacity of trailer truck = 3096 / 120 25. 8 trucks Distance between Roma and Fabriano = 165 Km approx. (source: distance-calculator. co. uk/distance-from-fabriano-to-rome. htm) From Exhibit 11, Cost of using a trailer truck for transport upto 165 Km = 0. 36 Million Lire Therefore, Total transporation cost = Cost/Truck x No of trailer trucks = 360000 x 25. 8 = 9288000 Lire Transportation cost per piece sold = Total transportation cost / No of pieces sold = 9288000 / 3096 = 3000 Lire (A4) In Transit Point methodology both trailer truck and smaller trucks can be used depending upon the lot size. Since the average daily demand is 154. pieces, a minimum of one trail er truck will have to be used every day. i. e. Total volume of goods carried by trailer trucks/month = No of trailer truck in a month x Volume carried by 1 trailer truck = 20 x 120 = 2400 pieces The remaining amount would be carried by smaller trucks. Volume to be carried by smaller trucks = 3096 -2400 = 696 pieces. Therefore, No of smaller trucks required per month = Volume carried by smaller trucks / Capacity of smaller truck = 696 / 45 = 16 trucks This means that in addition to trailer truck a smaller truck also needs to be done for 4 days in every week.From Exhibit 11, Cost of using a smaller truck for transport upto 165 Km = 0. 2 Million Lire Total transportation cost = (Cost / Trailer truck x No of trailer trucks) + (Cost / Small truck x No of smaller trucks) = (360000 x 20) + (200000 x 16) = 10400000 Lire Transportation cost per piece sold = Total transportation cost / No of pieces sold = 10400000 / 3096 = 3359. 17 Lire -(B4) Inventory cost at central warehouse Because the re gional warehouses are going to be removed, some amounts of inventory will be moved to the central warehouse.Total inventory level at all 17 regional warehouses = 14330 pieces Assuming 50% of this is Cycle Stock and the remaining Safety Stock, the Cycle Stock (= 7165) will be moved to the central warehouse. Average Safety stock = 7165 / 17 = 421 pieces. Safety stock required at central warehouse as per Risk Pooling = 421 x v17 = 1735 pieces. Therefore, additional stock required at central warehouse = Safety stock + Cycle stock = 1735 + 7165 = 8900 pieces. Assuming inventory cost as those prevailing in Roma, the extra inventory cost at central warehouse = 8900 x 1035 = 9211500 LireAdditional inventory cost/month/piece sold = 9211500/(20*3096) = 148. 76 Lire -(B5) Therefore, Total Cost incurred by the company before deploying Transit Point methodology = (A1) + (A2) + (A3) + (A4) = 1397. 28 + 401. 16 + 4300 + 3000 = 9098. 44 Lire Total Cost incurred by the company by deploying Transit P oint methodology = (B1) + (B2) + (B3) + (B4) + (B5) = 279. 45 + 0 + 4300 + 3359. 17 + 148. 76 = 8087. 38 Lire Therefore by using Transit Point methodology, Merloni has saved 1011. 06 Lire. Now taking this Transit point experiment to India, we can make the following observations Geography – The geography of India is different from Italy.India is equally wide in North- South and East – West directions. The approximate width is ~3500Kms. This is very high compared to Italy. The towns and cities are farther apart compared to Italy. For a product like home appliances (refrigerator , washing machine , dish washer etc) the market is still in towns and cities in India. The road conditions are also not that good. This means the transportation time between cities will be more compared to Italy. Another point to consider is the demand in a town; this may not be enough to meet a truck load of products.Company will have to find a way to store the excess products which is not being supplied. See exhibit1 for details. Infrastructure Another option we can consider is to have a transit point method for big cities like Mumbai, New Delhi, and Bangalore etc. We can have a transit point set up in outskirts of city and we can have small trucks to distribute units to retailers. This will help to free up or reduce the storage space in ware house in each city. But this again will depend on where you have the center ware house located and will be applicable only if ware house is in a day’s drive from the city.Also we can try this in states like Kerala where the towns are closer by. But even though this frees up inventory storage space, company may still have to have a small space to store items which don’t get distributed or collected the same day. As given in Merloni case we will not be able to leave products in alley or plan to keep in sales office as space is a big constraint. As in Merloni case we may not be able to reuse the storage space for an exhibi tion house in the case of India, as the storage location is located in outskirts of city in most places.The market segment for home appliances is the people who stay in the city limits and will be reluctant to travel so much for buying a home appliance. Transportation – The fuel price costs and spare parts costs will contribute to the transportation cost and will drive it higher. This in turn will result in a higher transportation cost per unit and will eat into the margins. This will be significant in case of a transit point experiment since the delivery is made per day. Another concern is the quality of service – timely delivery and state of goods delivered.The time of delivery is very critical in the case of a transit point plan. The delivery to the hub should reach on time to ensure the timely delivery of goods to retailers. With the poor condition of roads and lack of service/repair support along the way, there is a significant risk associated with timely delivery . If a truck breaks down, it is definitely going to add half a day delay to the delivery. Inventory – As explained in Infrastructure section, the transit point plan will help to reduce inventory held in big cities and move the same to central ware house location. This again may help ompany to close down its own Storage location in cities and use private/public warehouse option for the storage of minimal inventory in cities. Customer Service With the transit point plan, the timely delivery of goods in big cities will improve. This will make the retailers in this area happy. But if we try to implement this pan India, it will result in poor delivery times and dissatisfaction. The reasons for this are given above. Labor amp; Cost – There may not be any significant reduction in labor expenses, as company may have to get new systems in place to support the transit point plan for big cities.This will kind of compensate for the reduction in storage space cost we are getting i n cities. Again we will also need people to take care of the transit point plan execution in big cities. Recommendation Based on the above analysis, below given are the recommendations to implement a transit point plan in India. Implement this plan only in big cities like Bangalore, New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai ,Kolkata, Kerala etc. We can try out this experiment first in a big city like Mumbai and get learning’s from there to improve the system and then fan it out to other cities.Another option to make this work is to have multiple large ware houses spread across the country so that every major city is located at a distance of 300-400Kms from the ware house. From this point we can try to run trucks to cities and do a delivery of products to retailers in the city and nearby areas in a 12Hr time frame. For e. g. We can collect distribution data from Tier II big cities like Ahmadabad , Bhopal , Allahabad ,etc. over a period of time and see if it any of the cities have enough dema nd to meet a truck load. We can also include the close by towns for this calculation.Based on this we can run a transit point distribution around those cities. See exhibit 2. The transit point plan will work well for a manufacturing line where the demand is more fixed than a home appliance store. This will work well as the factory have a well defined schedule on what products will be running in which Assy lines and for how long. In the case of a home appliance store the demand is driven high by a number of local factors like local holidays, local festivals, bonus pay out etc. For a diverse country like India these factors vary widely.A local festival is more limited to a local city or a town and may not be even applicable for the entire state. This makes it more difficult to forecast and plan. On a big picture the transit point plan in this format cannot be implemented pan India as it will result in delayed deliveries and low satisfaction levels. The poor infrastructure, widely spre ad cities, diverse culture and quality of transportation service – all act as variables and makes forecast difficult and can cause a failure in the plan. Exhibit 1 Let us consider a case where the central ware house is located in Bhopal.The approximate distance to close by cities like is as given below. 1. Bhopal – Ahmadabad – 500Kms 2. Bhopal – Allehabad – 500kms 3. Bhopal – New Delhi 700kms 4. Bhopal Patna – 700kms In Indian road conditions we cannot expect a truck to cover more than 400Kms during night and to add to it there will be delays in check posts , for having dinner , traffic blocks etc. More issues will be there in rainy season amp; winter. Hence it is clear that with a central ware house in Bhopal we will not be able to make a delivery to these cities on time. Exhibit 2We can have ware house in Ahmadabad and use it to meet the demands of close by cities like Vadodara, Surat, and Gandhi Nagar etc. 1. Ahmadabad to Vadodar a – 100Kms 2. Ahmadabad to Surat – 300kms 3. Ahmadabad to Gandhi Nagar 70kms 4. Ahmadabad to Udaipur – 250kms. But before implementing this we need to do an ROI calculation to see whether this is viable or not. Need an essay? You can buy essay help from us today! Read more: ukessays. com/essays/economics/case-analysis-on-merloni-elettrodomestici-spa-economics-essay. php#ixzz2b1VHlgpp

Affect vs. Afflict

Affect vs. Afflict Affect vs. Afflict Affect vs. Afflict By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked for a discussion of the words affect and afflict: Please discuss the two words and tell me the difference and under which situations/circumstances they should be used. Affect has a more general application than afflict. Affect transitive verb: influence, act on, have an effect on (materially or emotionally). For example: The steady seaside wind affected the growth of the tree. How will the new law affect homeowners? Being homeless affected the child’s sense of worth. Afflict connotes the idea that suffering accompanies the influence. afflict transitive verb: To distress with continued physical or mental suffering; to torment. Consider the following sentences: 1. Mrs. Baxter’s hands are affected by arthritis. 2. Mrs. Baxter is afflicted with arthritis. The first sentence states an unemotional fact. The disease of arthritis is acting on Mrs. Baxter’s hands. The second sentence suggests that, as arthritis affects Mrs. Baxter, it causes her to suffer. Writers sometimes choose afflict where affect would suffice, in order to infuse an issue with emotional appeal. For example, compare the following sentence pairs: Deep cutbacks have affected public schools this year. Local elementary school districts didnt escape state funding cutbacks that  afflicted public schools  across the state this year.   Budget cuts are  affecting public libraries  all over the country. Many of the ills afflicting  public libraries in Delaware also were found to  afflict public school  libraries. We are presently engaged in various initiatives throughout the York Region with the purpose of creating awareness of the real issues that affect low-income residents in our communities. Transportation, education, economic development- these are all issues that afflict our low-income residents.   Related post Affect Is Usually a Verb Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesItalicizing Foreign WordsComma Before Too?

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Reflection - Essay Example This paper is based on an actual experience during my community placement with a patient I shall refer to as Mr. Smith (not his real name). To protect his identity and in accordance with patient confidentiality, his real name shall not be used in this reflection (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2008). Reflective practice is the process of thinking about one’s actions in the clinical setting and taking responsibility for improving one’s professional skills. Taylor (2006) mentions that reflection allows a person to review the positive aspects of one’s actions in the clinical setting and to build on such achievements in order to identify areas which require improvement. The nursing profession is a dynamic and ever-changing profession and according to the Department of Health (DOH, 2004) and the Welsh Assembly Government (WAG, 2002), nurses have to expand their knowledge in order to improve their practice. A discussion by Jasper (2003), pointed out that knowledge gain ed from reflection fills in the gaps between theory and practice. This is crucial to nurses because continuous development is an important part of clinical governance (Royal College of Nursing, 2003). In effect, reflective practice helps improve the quality of care delivered to patients. The topic was chosen in order to demonstrate professional development in the communication skills seen in the delivery of patient care. This development would assist in evaluating patient advocacy in the multi-professional team. It would also help ensure that a nursing practitioner is able to identify the gaps in her communication skills with the patient. Gibbs, reflective cycle There are different reflective frameworks which were considered for this assignment; these frameworks also provide useful guidance in reflection. However, the Gibbs Reflective Cycle was chosen because it is familiar and helps provide a structured and simplistic cycle. Bulman (2008) however argues that the Gibbs Reflective Cy cle is too broad and it implies an incoherent reflective process. Nevertheless, this reflective cycle is the most appropriate cycle to apply because it includes specific elements of the experience which allow reflective processes to change and improve clinical practice (Johns, 2004). In establishing a framework for reflection, it is important to note that the reflective process is an intellectual and an affective experience which involves the process of exploring one’s experience in order to successfully initiate change (Bulman, 2004). It is therefore important for a reflection to lead to change in one’s behavior and clinical practice. Without adequate guidance in the process, the student or learner might not be able successfully learn from the reflective process (Benner, 1994). With the guided help of my mentors and more experienced clinical practitioners they would help ensure that I would be able to pass through the reflective process and learn from his reflection. 1. Description of the event During my placement with the District nursing team, my mentor asked me to accompany her to a gentleman’s house in order to carry out an assessment and to explain what services were available. Before the interview, I dressed professionally and appropriately, making sure that my uniform was crisp and clean and my hair was arranged properly. The referral came from his wife, and not from the patient, as the patient was recently discharged from the hospital.